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'Chakra` means 'Wheel of Light' in Sanskrit and that's how they must have appeared to the ancients of India and other cultures in meditation and relaxed spiritual states, even trances. There are subtle, vital energy centres permeating the dense physical body from above the head to the bottom of the spine. The knowledge of the Chakras has been well documented in ancient Indian texts and is increasingly used in modern complimentary treatments. They are strongly intertwined with your 'auric' or etheric body layer, which is just outside the physically visible body structure and can be accessed from there. Each centre is connected with specific organs and glands and also deals with different spiritual aspects of each personality. You can visualise them as spinning light discs of different beautiful colours, opening clockwise and closing anti-clockwise. Some people imagine them as flowers, opening and closing for healing purposes. The Chakras are closely associated with colours and crystals and these relationships are described as follows:
 
Each Chakra is related to a colour of the rainbow spectrum, from the red base Chakra to the highest purple Crown Chakra. This is a journey from the physical to the spiritual, all happening within our own bodies. When each aspect of the Chakras receives proper attention, we are balanced (in an ideal world), however, we can do a lot by just concentrating on one at a time.
 
The Root or Base Chakra
is located at the base of the spine, represents our material and physical life centre and connects us directly with mother earth, our creation source. It is associated with the endocrine glands, ovaries, testes and prostate. The associated colour is Red, which is fiery, warming, energising, stimulating, vitalising. It raises blood pressure, aids production of red blood cells, relieves poor circulation, lower backache and can be used for non-inflammatory rheumatism and arthritis.
Red crystals to use here are Sard, Onyx, red Agate, red Jasper, Ruby and Garnet.
 
The Navel or Sacral Chakra
is located just below the navel and represents our passion and creativity centre. The glands associated are the adrenal glands, one resting upon each kidney. These glands affect our metabolism, blood pressure, sodium and potassium levels and decrease the effects of physical or emotional stress. The associated colour is Orange, which is warming and activating, stimulates appetite/ metabolism, reduces lethargy, de-toxifies and provides immunity to disease.
Orange crystals to use here are Carnelian, orange Calcite, orange Alabaster and orange Topaz.
 
The Solar Plexus Chakra
is located just above the navel and represents our personality and identity centre. Associated glands are the pancreas, the liver and the adrenal glands. The associated colour is Yellow. Yellow is warming, activating and stimulating. Good for arthritis, energises the adrenal glands, stimulates muscles, heartbeat and digestive tract, relieves mental fatigue, helps concentration and poor memory, promotes optimism and helps the sympathetic nervous systems.
Useful yellow crystals are Amber, yellow Calcite, Tigers Eye, Sulphur and light Citrine.
 
The Heart Chakra
is located at the centre of the chest and represents our emotional and compassion centre. This needs particular attention when we have neglected our feelings and 'overspent' our emotions to help others. Gland associated is the Thymus gland, which is involved in forming anti-bodies in newborns and the development of the immune system. The colour associated here is Green, but the Chakra is said to radiate the rose pink light of universal love.  Green is the balancer in the spectrum and alleviates heart problems, hypertension, allergies and soothes anger. Promotes peace and calm, can help destroy cancer and other harmful cells, stabilises and calms nerves, relieves irritability and helps to 'dis-lodge' chronic disease.
Green Stones to use are Aventurine, Malachite, Amazonite, Jade, green Calcite, Chrysoprase, Peridot and Emerald.
Pink stones are also very effective to use on the Heart Chakra, especially to promote compassion, love, peace and calm. Rose Quartz, Mangano Calcite, Rhodochrosite, Rhodonite and Kunzite are very suitable. The Watermelon Tourmaline incorporates both colours and makes for interesting vibrations (experiment!).
 
The Throat Chakra
is located at the throat and represents our communication and self-expression centre. If you want to enhance your speech skills and overcome 'vocal blocks' this is the centre to work on. The Throat Chakra is associated with the thyroid gland, which influences all chemical processes in the body (build up or break down of substances). The colour associated is Light Blue, which is a cooling and temperature controlling colour. It lowers fever, soothes and relaxes, relieves insomnia, lowers blood pressure, good for headaches and migraines, skin conditions, burns and wounds and inflammatory arthritis.
Good light blue stones are Celestite, Blue Lace Agate, Aquamarine, Turquoise and Angelite.
 
The Third Eye Chakra
is located between the eyebrows and represents our clairvoyance and vision centre. The pineal gland is connected with this Chakra and produces Serotonin and Melatonin, two hormones which affect mood swings, depression, elation, insomnia and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) amongst others. The associated colour is Indigo, which stimulates the nervous and endocrine systems, relieves pain, migraine, calms nervousness and agitation, aids sleeping problems, helps restlessness, aids insight and intuition and develops psychic abilities
Lapis Lazuli, Sodalite, Kyanite, Sapphire and Azurite are useful dark blue stones.
 
The Crown Chakra
is located above the head and represents our spirituality and wisdom centre. Associated gland is the pituitary, which regulates growth and various metabolic activities of other endocrine glands. The colour Purple is associated with this Chakra. Purple aids meditation, corrects over-activity, aids visualisation, serenity, creativity/ inspiration, stimulates the nervous system, creates white blood cells and is said to 'lift one's spirituality'.
The Amethyst is a very versatile stone to use here, also Sugilite, purple Fluorite, Iolite, purple Blue John and Tanzanite. Clear Quartz is also associated with the Crown Chakra.